Brake Disk and Method for Producing a Brake Disk

ABSTRACT

A brake disc includes a basic body with at least one contact surface that has a wearing coat applied thereon. The at least one contact surface of the basic body is pretreated to realize the bond between the searing coat and the basic body. The at least one pretreated contact surface of the basic body has a surface topography that is modified by laser irradiation and has at least one predetermined parameter. A method produces the brake disc.

This application is a divisional application of co-pending applicationSer. No. 14/117,379, which has a 35 U.S.C. §371(c) date of Nov. 13, 2013and is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage Application of PCT/EP2012/054434,filed on Mar. 14, 2012, which claims the benefit of priority to GermanApplication No. 10 2011 075 821.6, filed on May 13, 2011, thedisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND

The disclosure is based on a brake disk of the generic type ofindependent patent claim 1 and on an associated method for producing abrake disk of the generic type of independent patent claim 6.

Brake disks that are subject to a high degree of wear and associatedproduction methods are known from the prior art. These methods involveapplying to a basic body a wearing coat that is much more resistant towear than the basic body. In order that the applied wearing coat adheresto the basic body, the contact surface of the basic body is pretreatedin a prior process. This pretreatment comprises, for example, cleaningthe contact surface, applying a layer of adhesion promoter, etc. Forexample, a brake disk and a method for producing a brake disk aredescribed in the laid-open patent application DE 10 2007 020 891 A1. Thebrake disk described comprises a basic body of a base material, which isprovided at least on one of its contact surfaces intended forinteracting with a brake lining, entirely or in certain portions with ametallic friction coating, which contains wear-reducing hard particles,for example of ceramic, the friction coating being formed as a spraycompaction coating. In one production step, the oxide film on thecontact surface of the basic body is removed and the contact surface ispreheated in order to increase the adhesion of the wearing coat.Subsequently, the wearing coat is sprayed onto the contact surface ofthe basic body.

This involves mixing a metallic compound with hard particles at highspeeds.

A brake disk and a method for producing a brake disk are described inthe laid-open patent application DE 100 56 161 A1. The brake diskcomprises a basic body with at least one contact surface and at leastone wearing coat, applied to the at least one contact surface of thebasic body. In one production step, the oxide film or other contaminantson the contact surface of the basic body is/are removed and the contactsurface is roughened by means of blasting with fine particles, in orderto increase the adhesion of the wearing coat. Subsequently, the wearingcoat is sprayed onto the contact surface of the basic body by the flame,arc or plasma spray-coating process.

SUMMARY

By contrast, the brake disk according to the invention with the featuresof independent patent claim 1 and the method according to the disclosurefor producing a brake disk with the features of independent patent claim6 have the advantage that the brake disk is pretreated such that the atleast one contact surface of the basic body has a surface topographymodified by laser radiation, with at least one predetermined parameter.

The various predeterminable parameters of the surface topography areunderstood hereafter as meaning, for example, a structure, a degree ofcleanness, a chemical composition, a roughness, etc., of the pretreatedcontact surface. Thus, for example, individual parameters or acombination of the parameters mentioned may be predetermined forproducing a desired surface topography of the contact surface.

In comparison with preheating, a surface topography of the at least onecontact surface that has been modified by laser radiation leads tobetter adhesion between the basic body and the wearing coat.Furthermore, a surface topography of the at least one contact surfacethat has been modified by laser radiation is less expensive and lesscomplex to realize than the application of a layer of adhesion promoter.Furthermore, by contrast with a modification by means of blasting withfine particles, a surface topography of the at least one contact surfacethat has been modified by laser radiation is reproducible. A furtheradvantage of laser radiation is that no fine particle inclusions on thecontact surface have an adverse effect on the adhesion between the basicbody and the wearing coat.

The laser-radiation-based method for modifying a surface topography ofat least one contact surface of the metallic and/or ceramic basic bodyof the brake disk consequently leads advantageously to an increase inthe adhesion between the basic body and the wearing coat. Moreover,parameters of the laser radiation, such as for example energy expendedand/or intensity and/or dimensioning and/or duration of the radiation,etc., can be specifically controlled and adapted to the existingcircumstances and to the at least one predetermined parameter of thesurface topography of the contact surface.

Embodiments of the brake disk according to the disclosure comprise abasic body with at least one contact surface, to which a wearing coathas been applied. To realize the bond between the wearing coat and thebasic body, the at least one contact surface of the basic body ispretreated. According to the disclosure, at least one predeterminedparameter of a surface topography of the at least one contact surface ofthe basic body is modified by laser radiation.

Embodiments of the method according to the disclosure for producing sucha brake disk provide a basic body with at least one contact surface, towhich a wearing coat is applied. To realize the bond between the wearingcoat and the basic body, the at least one contact surface of the basicbody is pretreated. According to the disclosure, at least onepredetermined parameter of a surface topography of the at least onecontact surface of the basic body is modified by laser radiation.

Advantageous improvements of the brake disk specified in independentpatent claim 1 and of the method for producing a brake disk specified inpatent claim 6 are possible by the measures and developments that arerecited in the dependent claims.

It is particularly advantageous that the at least one predeterminedparameter of the modified surface topography of the at least one contactsurface comprises a predetermined structure and/or a predetermineddegree of cleanness and/or a predetermined chemical composition and/or apredetermined roughness. This leads advantageously to a contact surfaceto which the wearing coat can adhere better. The adhesion of the wearingcoat may be improved, for example, by a higher degree of cleanness. Ahigher degree of cleanness is understood as meaning a low occurrence ofdeposits, such as for example grease and/or carbon. A furtherimprovement in the adhesion can be achieved by an adaptation of thechemical composition of the contact surface. Furthermore, the adhesionof the wearing coat can be improved by a greater roughness of thecontact surface. The improved adhesion of the wearing coat on thecontact surface allows the reliability of the braking effect of thebrake disk in interaction with corresponding brake linings to beimproved. The brake disk according to the disclosure consequently has acontact surface with advantageous parameters of the surface topography,which achieve improved adhesion of the wearing coat, and consequentlyincrease the reliability of the brake disk.

In an advantageous refinement of the brake disk according to thedisclosure, the at least one contact surface of the basic body may havea surface worked by laser radiation in a meandering and/or groovedand/or spiraled form. This advantageously makes a uniformly workedcontact surface possible.

The basic body of the brake disk according to the disclosure may bemade, for example, as a metallic and/or ceramic body. Thisadvantageously makes a great range of possible alloys and compounds thatare extremely stable possible, such as for example gray cast iron, caststeel, forged steel, spheroidal graphite cast iron, aluminum, etc.

In a further advantageous refinement of the brake disk according to thedisclosure, the wearing coat is sprayed on the at least one modifiedcontact surface of the basic body. The spraying operation advantageouslymakes it possible for the wearing coat to be made extremely thin. Inthis way, the material properties of the basic body can beadvantageously combined with the material properties of the wearingcoat. This means, for example, that the good thermal conductivity of thebasic body can be combined with the wear resistance of the wearing coat.

In an advantageous refinement of the method according to the disclosurefor producing a brake disk, a structure and/or a degree of cleannessand/or a chemical composition and/or a roughness may be predetermined bythe laser radiation as at least one parameter of the modified surfacetopography of the at least one contact surface. Good preconditions forthe adhesion of the wearing coat on the contact surface are created bythe predetermined parameter of the modified surface topography, whichdepends on the properties of the laser radiation that is used.Consequently, many different possibilities of establishing a connectionbetween the wearing coat and the basic body are possible. This makes itpossible to select from various material compounds for the wearing coat,which can be adapted to the circumstances.

In an advantageous refinement of the method according to the disclosurefor producing a brake disk, the at least one contact surface may beheated and/or melted and/or vaporized and/or cleaned by way ofcorrespondingly settable parameters of the laser radiation. In this way,a number of required preprocessing steps can be carried out at the sametime or in parallel. Thus, for example, organic deposits, such asgrease, can be removed from the at least one contact surface by thehigh-energy radiation. Furthermore, a modification of the chemicalcomposition of the surface topography of the contact surface can berealized by the presence of reactive gases. In this way, the contactsurface can be advantageously decarburized. Furthermore, ahomogenization of the surface topography of the contact surface can berealized by the laser radiation if the at least one contact surface ismelted and segregations and/or inclusions in the melt are dissolved.Since the solidification takes place very rapidly by the self-quenching,the alloying elements or impurities advantageously cannot becomesegregated any longer. This leads to a contact surface that has neithersegregations nor inclusions. A further possibility for determining thesurface topography of the at least one contact surface is a geometricalmodification, which leads to a structuring of the at least one contactsurface. The irradiation has the effect of vaporizing part of thecontact surface and the combination of melt and vapor that is presentcan advantageously lead to a change in the surface structure. A surfacewith great roughness can in this way be produced by adaptation of thelaser parameters. It is generally the case here that great roughness canlead to good adhesion of the wearing coat on the contact surface.

Since the laser irradiation makes it possible for multiple pretreatmentsteps to be carried out simultaneously on the basic body of the brakedisk, time and costs can be reduced in particular.

Since the energy expended and/or the intensity and/or the dimensionsand/or the duration of irradiation with the laser radiation can bespecifically controlled, the laser radiation can be adapted to theexisting circumstances and to the predetermined parameter of the surfacetopography. For example, laser radiation with low energy merely heats upthe surface. If more energy is expended, the surface can then be freedof organic deposits. A further increase in energy may lead to themelting, and finally vaporizing, of the contact surface of the basicbody. In this way, the parameters of the surface topography of thecontact surface can be changed, it being possible for the variouspretreatment steps to be carried out separately and/or simultaneously.

In a further advantageous refinement of the method according to thedisclosure for producing a brake disk, the laser radiation for thesurface working of the at least one contact surface of the basic body isconducted in a meandering and/or grooved and/or spiraled form. Thisadvantageously makes reproducible, uniform and extensive working of thecontact surface possible.

In a further advantageous refinement of the method according to thedisclosure for producing a brake disk, the wearing coat is sprayed ontothe modified surface topography of the contact surface of the basicbody. The adhesion of the wearing coat can be advantageously increasedby the previously carried out modification of the surface topography ofthe at least one contact surface of the basic body, giving rise to alarge number of connection possibilities, which can be adapted to thematerial properties and to the circumstances. Thus, the wearing coat maybe applied, for example, by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF)and/or atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Furthermore, sprayingoperation allows thin wearing coats to be realized.

Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are represented in the drawingand are explained in more detail in the description that follows. In thedrawing, the same reference signs designate components or elements thatperform the same or analogous functions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional representation of a detail of anexemplary embodiment of a brake disk according to the disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective representation of an operation of pretreatinga basic body of the brake disk according to the disclosure that isrepresented in FIG. 1 with laser radiation.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of aproduction method according to the disclosure for a brake disk.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the exemplary embodiment representedof a brake disk 1 according to the disclosure comprises a basic body 10with at least one contact surface 12 and at least one wearing coat 30.The basic body 10 is made as a metallic and/or ceramic body.Furthermore, the basic body 10 is connected at the at least one contactsurface 12 to the wearing coat 30. To realize the bond between thewearing coat 30 and the basic body 10, a pretreatment of the surfacetopography of the at least one contact surface 12 of the basic body 10is provided. According to the disclosure, the pretreated at least onecontact surface 12 of the basic body 10 has a surface topographymodified by laser radiation 20, with at least one predeterminedparameter.

In the exemplary embodiment represented, the contact surface 12 of thebasic body 10 is heated and/or melted and/or vaporized and/or cleaned bythe laser radiation 20. Furthermore, the laser radiation 20 is conductedover the contact surface 12 of the basic body 10 in a grooved form. Toachieve a modification of the surface topography of the contact surface12 of the basic body 10, other ways of conducting the laser radiation 20are possible, such as for example conducting the laser radiation 20 in ameandering and/or spiraled form.

After the completion of the modification of the surface topography ofthe contact surface 12 of the basic body 10, the wearing coat 30 issprayed onto the modified surface topography of the contact surface 12of the basic body 10. The laser radiation 20 allows the desiredparameters of the surface topography of the contact surface 12 of thebasic body 10 to be implemented easily, quickly and reproducibly.Furthermore, embodiments of the brake disk 1 according to the disclosurein interaction with corresponding brake linings, which interact with thewearing coat 30 of the contact surface 12, make virtually wear-freeoperation of the brake possible, since the modification of the surfacetopography of the at least one contact surface 12 has the effect thatthe wearing coat 30 reliably adheres to the contact surface 12 of thebasic body 10 of the brake disk 1. As can be seen from FIG. 3, in amethod step S10, the basic body 10 is produced with at least one contactsurface 12. The basic body 10 may, for example, be cast, forged orotherwise produced from suitable materials, such as gray cast iron, caststeel, forged steel, spheroidal graphite cast iron, aluminum, etc.

In a method step S20, at least one predetermined parameter of thesurface topography of the at least one contact surface 12 of the basicbody 10 is modified by laser radiation 20. In an advantageous way, theat least one contact surface 12 is heated and/or melted and/or vaporizedand/or cleaned by the laser radiation 20. In this way, a number of stepsfor preprocessing the contact surface 12 of the basic body 10 can becarried out at the same time. For example, organic deposits can beremoved, the chemical composition of the surface topography of thecontact surface 12 modified and the contact surface 12 decarburized bythe high-energy laser radiation 20. Furthermore, the at least onecontact surface 12 may be melted by the laser radiation, so thatsegregations and/or inclusions in the melt are dissolved. Since thesolidification takes place very rapidly by the self-quenching, thealloying elements or impurities advantageously cannot become segregatedany longer and a homogeneous contact surface 12 is obtained. Moreover,the laser radiation 20 may have the effect of vaporizing part of thecontact surface 12. The combination of melt and vapor advantageouslyleads to a change in the surface structure, so that a surface topographywith great roughness can be produced by adaptation of the laserparameters.

In a method step S30, the wearing coat 30 is applied to the basic body10.

Preferably, the wearing coat 30 is sprayed onto the modified surfacetopography of the contact surface 12 of the basic body 10. The adhesionof the wearing coat 30 can be advantageously increased by themodification of the surface topography of the contact surface 12 of thebasic body 10 that is carried out in step S20, giving rise to a largenumber of connection possibilities, which can be adapted to the materialproperties and to the circumstances. Thus, the wearing coat may beapplied, for example, by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) and/oratmospheric plasma spraying (APS).

1. A brake disk, comprising: a basic body with at least one contactsurface, the basic body being formed of gray cast iron; and a wearingcoat applied to the at least one contact surface, wherein the at leastone contact surface of the basic body is modified by laser radiation torealize the bond between the wearing coat and the basic body, andwherein the at least one contact surface of the basic body is modifiedby laser radiation such that the at least one contact surface isdecarburized.
 2. The brake disk as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atleast one contact surface of the basis body is further modified byradiation to have one or more of a predetermined structure, apredetermined degree of cleanness, and a predetermined roughness.
 3. Thebrake disk as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one contactsurface is further modified to have the predetermined structure, andwherein the predetermined structure of the at least one contact surfaceis configured in one or more of a meandering form, a grooved form, and aspiraled form.
 4. The brake disk as claimed in claim 1, wherein thewearing coat is sprayed on the at least one modified contact surface ofthe basic body.
 5. The brake disk as claimed in claim 2, wherein the atleast one contact surface has a modified surface topography having thepredetermined roughness, the modified surface topography being caused bya combination of melt and vapor produced by melting and vaporizingportions of the at least one contact surface by the laser radiation.